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US Tensions With China Are Fraying Long-Cultivated Academic Ties. Will The Chill Hurt US Interests?

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WASHINGTON — The U.S. Fu Xiangdong was a Chinese virology student who moved to the United States to study biochemistry in the 1980s. He held a distinguished post in California and was pursuing promising Parkinson’s disease research more than three decades later.

On the other hand, Fu is now conducting research at a Chinese institution. His American career was ruined as US-China ties deteriorated, casting doubt on his cooperation with a Chinese university. He eventually resigned.

Fu’s narrative parallels the growth and fall of intellectual engagement between the United States and China.

Beginning in 1978, such cooperation grew for decades, virtually immune to variations in the two countries’ relations. It is now in decline, with Washington considering Beijing a strategic adversary and mounting concerns about Chinese surveillance. The number of Chinese students in the United States is declining, and collaboration between the United States and China in research is dwindling. Academics are avoiding possible China projects out of worry that seemingly little mistakes could jeopardize their careers.

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US Tensions With China Are Fraying Long-Cultivated Academic Ties

This decline is affecting more than just students and researchers. Analysts say it will reduce American competitiveness and hamper global efforts to solve health challenges. Collaborations in the past have resulted in substantial improvements, such as in influenza surveillance and vaccine development.

“That’s been really harmful to U.S. science,” said Deborah Seligsohn, a former US ambassador in Beijing who is now a political scientist at Villanova University. “We are producing less science because of this falloff.”

Given the heightened US-China relations, some believe the promise of scientific achievements must take a back seat to security concerns. According to them, such cooperation benefits China by providing it with crucial economic, defence, and technological information. They also believe the Chinese government is monitoring and harassing dissidents in American institutions.

These concerns were central to the Justice Department’s China Initiative, a program launched in 2018 by the Trump administration to discover acts of economic espionage. While the effort did not result in the capture of spies, it did impact researchers in American schools.

Gang Chen, a mechanical engineering professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, was charged in 2021 under the program with concealing ties to the Chinese government. Prosecutors later dropped all accusations, but Chen’s research group was disbanded. He stated that his family had a difficult experience and is still recovering.

Chen stated that inquiries and unfair prosecutions like his “are pushing out talents.”

“That’s going to hurt U.S. scientific enterprise, hurt U.S. competitiveness,” he said.

The Biden administration stopped the China Initiative in 2022, but other initiatives are aimed at Chinese-connected researchers.

In Florida, a state rule aimed at reducing foreign influences has sparked fears that Chinese students may be essentially barred from labs at the state’s public colleges.

This month, a bipartisan group of Republican senators raised worry about Beijing’s influence on American campuses through student groups, urging the Justice Department to investigate whether such groups should be registered as foreign agents.

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US Tensions With China Are Fraying Long-Cultivated Academic Ties

According to Miles Yu, director of the Hudson Institute’s China Center, Beijing has used American higher education and research institutes to modernize its economy and military.

“For some time, out of cultural, self-interest reasons, many people have double loyalty, erroneously thinking it’s OK to serve the interests of both the U.S. and China,” he said.

The United States-China Science and Technology Cooperation Agreement, signed in 1979, was slated to expire this year. Congress extended the pact by six months in August, but its future remains to be determined.

According to Nicholas Burns, the United States ‘ ambassador to China, if a new agreement is reached, it should consider new scientific and technological breakthroughs.

According to Burns, just 700 American students were studying in China, compared to almost 300,000 Chinese students in the United States, down from a peak of around 372,000 in 2019-2020.

On American university campuses, practically all Confucius Institutes, a Beijing-backed Chinese language and culture program, had dissolved by October. According to the US Government Accountability Office, their number has decreased from around 100 in 2019 to fewer than five.

In 2018, the National Institute of Health launched an investigation into foreign links by requesting that hundreds of American schools investigate if their faculty members may have broken laws governing the use of government funds, typically in situations involving cooperation with Chinese institutions.

The NIH probe focused on Fu, who was then a professor at the University of California, San Diego, and his connections with Wuhan University. According to the local news outlet La Jolla Light, Fu argued that federal funds were never used for work there, but the university decided against him.

Charles Lieber, a former chair of chemistry and chemical biology at Harvard institution, was found guilty of lying to the federal government about his links with a Chinese institution and a Chinese government talent-recruitment program in a China Initiative case in December 2021.

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US Tensions With China Are Fraying Long-Cultivated Academic Ties

According to Chen, collaborations that were once welcomed have suddenly become challenging. He claimed that disclosure standards had been unclear and that such collaborations had been praised in many situations.

“Very few people in the general public understand that most U.S. universities, including MIT, don’t take on any secret research projects on campus,” Chen said. “We aim to publish our research findings.”

University campuses have suffered as a result of the probes. “People are so fearful that, if you check the wrong box, you could be accused of lying to the government,” Chen said.

According to a peer-reviewed academic study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences journal in June, the China Initiative has undoubtedly produced widespread fear and anxiety among scientists of Chinese heritage.

The study, which polled 1,304 scientists of Chinese heritage working at American colleges, found that many were considering leaving the country or ceasing to seek federal funds, according to the researchers.

An analysis of research papers in the PubMed database revealed that, as of 2021, U.S. scientists still co-wrote more papers with Chinese scientists than with scientists from any other country, but those with a history of collaborating with China saw a decline in research productivity after 2019, shortly after the NIH investigation began.

The study’s findings, which will appear in the PNAS journal before the end of the year, indicate that the impact of US-based academics collaborating with China has decreased by 10%.

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US Tensions With China Are Fraying Long-Cultivated Academic Ties

“It has a chilling effect on science,” said Ruixue Jia, the NIH investigation’s main researcher. “While researchers worked to complete existing collaborative projects, they were hesitant to start new ones, and the results could worsen.” Both countries have suffered.”

Fu’s name surfaced on the website of Westlake University, a private research university in the Chinese city of Hangzhou, three months after he resigned from the California school. Fu directs a lab at Westlake that studies RNA biology and regenerative medicine.

Guan Kunliang, a fellow scientist in San Diego who was being probed, joined Fu in August. Guan has been barred from applying for NIH grants for the next two years. Guan’s job was recovered, but his lab had downsized. He is now re-establishing a molecular cell biology lab at Westlake.

According to Li Chenjian, a former vice provost of Peking University, talent loss to China is a tricky issue, and the concern may be overstated because the United States remains the go-to spot for the world’s greatest minds and has abundant talent.

According to the National Science Foundation, from 2005 to 2015, more than 87% of Chinese students who got doctorates in the United States intended to stay in the country. The percentage dipped to 73.9 in 2021 but increased to 76.7 in 2022, exceeding the 74.3% average for all foreign students who received research doctorates in the United States.

Rao Yi, a distinguished neurobiologist who returned to China from the United States in 2007, stated that American actions about the China Initiative were “morally wrong.”

“We will see how long it will take for the U.S. government and its morally upright scientists to correct such mistakes and come around to see the bigger picture of human development, beyond petty-mindedness and shortsightedness,” he said. “Throughout history, it is always the morally corrupt governments which advocate the blocking of scientific communication and persecution of scientists.”

SOURCE – (AP)

Kiara Grace is a staff writer at VORNews, a reputable online publication. Her writing focuses on technology trends, particularly in the realm of consumer electronics and software. With a keen eye for detail and a knack for breaking down complex topics, Kiara delivers insightful analyses that resonate with tech enthusiasts and casual readers alike. Her articles strike a balance between in-depth coverage and accessibility, making them a go-to resource for anyone seeking to stay informed about the latest innovations shaping our digital world.

World

Good News: The Worst Could Be Over For Gas Prices This Spring

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ABC - VOR News Image

Israel and Iran have engaged in open conflict. Ukrainian drones have routinely targeted Russian oil refineries. And OPEC continues to restrict oil production.

These frightening occurrences sparked concerns about $4 gas, harming the US economy and exacerbating inflation.

However, this has not occurred, at least yet. Gas prices in the United States have stopped growing and dropped temporarily recently.

The national average was $3.66 per gallon on Monday, down from $3.68 a week ago, according to AAA.

There is growing anticipation that gas prices will peak in the spring, if not the entire year.

Patrick De Haan, head of petroleum analysis at GasBuddy, predicts that drivers will find relief at the pump in the coming weeks.

“I’m hoping the worst is behind us,” De Haan told CNN. Unless something drastic happens, there are increasing odds the national average has hit the projected spring peak.”

Tom Kloza, worldwide head of energy analysis at the Oil Price Information Service, believes gas prices will fall in the coming weeks.

“Most of the worries from the year’s first half have been resolved. “I think we’re safe until hurricane season,” Kloza remarked.

‘Could have been far worse.’

Of course, none of this implies that gas costs are cheap. They were lower in April 2021 and spring 2020, when Covid-19 kept many Americans off the roadways.

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National – VOR News Image

The Worst Could Be Over For Gas Prices This Spring

Nonetheless, a springtime peak of less than $3.70 a gallon would be a win for consumers, considering the real risk of significantly higher gas costs.

“It could have been much worse,” said Andy Lipow, owner of the consultancy firm Lipow Oil Associates.

According to AAA, drivers in just seven US states pay $4 or more per gallon for gas. All those states are in the Western part of the country, followed by California, where the average is $5.40 per gallon, up from $4.88 last year.

The national average is nowhere near the record increase above $5 per gallon in June 2022.

“It seems evident that this will not be a record-setting year. “Filling your tank will feel much more normal this year,” said De Haan.

Economic and political ramifications.

Officials in Washington would most certainly breathe a sigh of relief.

Rising gasoline costs earlier this year led to lower-than-expected inflation readings, casting uncertainty on when the Federal Reserve will be able to decrease interest rates.

A rise in petrol prices is the last thing President Joe Biden wants as he works to persuade voters of his economic message before November. According to a new CNN poll, Biden’s support rating for the economy is 34%, and for inflation, it is even lower (29%).

The Biden administration backed off plans to buy crude oil for the US Strategic Petroleum Reserve, an emergency oil stockpile, earlier this month, adding to White House concerns over petrol costs.

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Global – VOR News Image

Some economists expect gas prices to rise further.

Lipow believes the national average will reach $3.75 per gallon this year.

Still, that would be lower than last year’s top of $3.88 per gallon in September.

“I’m not expecting a spike in gasoline prices,” Lipow added.

There are several reasons why gas prices are now holding steady.

First, oil prices have stopped rising. On April 12, US crude oil nearly reached $88 per barrel as investors braced for Iran’s reprisal against Israel over a suspected attack on an Iranian diplomatic complex in Syria.

However, oil prices fell when Israel and its allies effectively averted the reprisal. For now, fears of a larger confrontation in the Middle East have subsided, albeit this might alter quickly. US crude fell below $83 a barrel on Monday.

There are other seasonal aspects to consider.

The transition to more expensive summer-grade gasoline at US refineries is now complete. Similarly, the reopening of refineries that had been closed for normal maintenance has aided gasoline supplies.

Record-breaking US crude output continues to increase the oil supply. All of that US oil, headed by the Permian Basin in West Texas and New Mexico, is countering OPEC+’s production cuts, which Saudi Arabia and Russia lead.

Meanwhile, gasoline demand has remained relatively low despite other indications that American consumers are spending rapidly.

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USA TODAY – VOR News Image

The Worst Could Be Over For Gas Prices This Spring

The hurricane season looms.

Gas prices are at risk of reaching a double peak. That’s what happened last year, when gas prices peaked in April, fell, and then returned late in the summer as excessive heat hampered US refineries.

“Weather can wreak havoc,” said Kloza, an OPIS analyst.

A major hurricane that destroys oil facilities along the US Gulf Coast is the greater risk.

Forecasters warn that the hurricane season (which normally begins on June 1) will be extremely active. Colorado State University predicts more hurricanes and named storms than ever before.

“Hurricane season is the next major hurdle,” Kloza stated.

SOURCE – (CNN)

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Gangs In Haiti Launch Fresh Attacks, Days After A New Prime Minister Is Announced

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Port-au-Prince, Haiti – Gangs in Haiti besieged multiple districts in Port-au-Prince, burning homes and exchanging Gunfire with police for hours as hundreds escaped the mayhem early Thursday, in one of the most serious attacks since Haiti’s new prime minister was appointed.

The attacks began late Wednesday in communities such as Solino and Delmas 18, 20, and 24, southwest of the main international airport, which has been shuttered for over two months due to ongoing gang violence.

“The gangs started burning everything in sight,” said a man named Néne, who refused to disclose his last name due to fear. “I was hiding in a corner all night.”

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AP – VOR News Image

Gangs In Haiti Launch Fresh Attacks, Days After A New Prime Minister Is Announced

He walked with a companion, carrying a dusty red bag crammed with clothes—the only thing they could preserve. The garments belonged to Néne’s children, whom he had whisked out of Delmas 18 in the morning during a lull in the battle.

The neighborhoods formerly bustling with cars and pedestrians were like ghost towns long after morning, with only the occasional bleating from a lone goat breaking the calm.

An armored police truck patrolled the streets, passing burnt vehicles and cinderblock walls with the scrawled “Viv Babecue,” a reference to one of Haiti’s most powerful gang bosses.

People who escaped the onslaught in Delmas 18 and other adjacent communities held fans, stoves, mattresses, and plastic bags packed with clothes as they left on foot, on motorcycles, or in colorful mini buses known as tap-taps. Others were walking empty-handed after losing everything.

“There were gunshots left and right,” claimed Paul Pierre, 47, who was walking with his girlfriend looking for safety after their house burned down. They couldn’t salvage any of their possessions.

He stated that the nocturnal battle ripped children from their parents and husbands from their wives as people fled in terror, adding, “Everyone is just trying to save themselves.”

Martina, a woman who refused to provide her last name out of fear, claimed she was left homeless after armed assailants burnt her home. She fled with her 4-year-old, who she claims attempted to flee when the shooting started late Wednesday.

“I told him, ‘Don’t be afraid. “This is life in Haiti,” she remarked as she held a hefty load of goods on her head, including butter, which she wanted to sell to generate money and find a new home.

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AP – VOR News Image

Gangs In Haiti Launch Fresh Attacks, Days After A New Prime Minister Is Announced

When asked to describe what transpired overnight, she answered, “Gunfire, Gunfire, everywhere! Nobody slept. “Everybody was running.”

Jimmy Chérizier, the head of the formidable gang federation G9 Family and Allies and a former elite police officer known as Barbecue, was in charge of the area where the incident occurred.

He and other gang bosses have been blamed for the coordinated attacks that began on February 29 in the capital, Port-au-Prince. Gunmen have torched police stations, opened fire on the main international airport, and stormed Haiti’s two largest prisons, freeing over 4,000 inmates.

The attacks eventually forced Prime Minister Ariel Henry to resign, prompting the formation of a transitional presidential council. The council’s majority unexpectedly announced a new prime minister on Tuesday: Fritz Bélizaire, a former sports minister. The action threatens to split the nine-member council, which was sworn in last week.

As new authorities take over the country amid fighting, Haitians demand that they prioritize their protection, as gangs remain more strong and well-armed than the Haitian National Police.

More than 2,500 people were murdered or injured between January and March of this year, a more than 50% rise over the same period last year, according to the United Nations.

Meanwhile, over 90,000 individuals have fled Port-au-Prince in just one month, as gangs controlling an estimated 80% of the capital increasingly target formerly tranquil districts.

Ernest Aubrey told how he relocated to Delmas 18 years ago. He’s leaving home for the first time.

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AP – VOR News Image

Gangs In Haiti Launch Fresh Attacks, Days After A New Prime Minister Is Announced

“It is too much. “We can’t resist any longer,” he said of the gangs. “They are taking everything we own.”

As he went with his heavy backpack, he noticed an acquaintance leaving in a car and dashed toward them to see if he could catch a ride.

Vanessa Vieux was one of the few who stayed at Delmas 18. Early Wednesday after the incident, she relocated her elderly mother to the countryside. She thought it was best not to give her home over to gangs. Furthermore, she has faith in Haiti’s National Police.

“I live next to a police officer,” she explained. “That’s why I’m not scared.”

SOURCE – (AP)

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Russia Proposes UN Resolution On Banning Weapons In Space, After Vetoing Similar UN-Japan Draft

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United Nations  — A week after vetoing a U.S.-Japan resolution to halt an arms race in space, Russia circulated a UN resolution urging all countries to take immediate steps to prevent weapons from being placed in outer space “forever.”

The Russian draft resolution, goes beyond the U.S.-Japan plan by calling not only for steps to prevent weapons from being deployed in outer space but also for preventing “the threat or use of force in outer space,” “for all time.”

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CNN – VOR News Image

Russia Proposes UN Resolution On Banning Weapons In Space, After Vetoing Similar UN-Japan Draft

It states that this should include deploying weapons “from space against Earth, and from Earth against objects in outer space.”

When Russia’s UN Ambassador Vassily Nebenzia rejected the United States-Japan draft, he warned the Security Council that it did not go far enough in outlawing all sorts of weapons in space.

The vetoed resolution only addressed weapons of mass destruction, including nuclear weapons, and made no mention of other weapons in space.

It would have urged all countries to refrain from developing or deploying nuclear weapons or other weapons of mass destruction in space, as prohibited by a 1967 international convention adopted by the United States and Russia, and to recognize the importance of verifying compliance.

Before the US-Japan resolution was voted on April 24, Russia and China presented an amendment calling on all countries, particularly those with space capabilities, “to prevent for all time the placement of weapons in outer space, and the threat of use of force in outer spaces.”

Seven countries voted in favor, seven against, and one abstention, and the amendment failed to receive the requisite nine “yes” votes in the 15-member Security Council.

Following the decision, US Ambassador Linda Thomas-Greenfield informed the council that Russian President Vladimir Putin has stated that Moscow has no intention of placing nuclear weapons in space.

“Today’s veto raises the question: why? Why, if you are obeying the rules, would you oppose a resolution that reinforces them? “What could you possibly be hiding?” she inquired. “It’s confusing. And it is a disgrace.”

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AP – VOR News Image

Russia Proposes UN Resolution On Banning Weapons In Space, After Vetoing Similar UN-Japan Draft

Putin was responding to the White House’s revelation in February that Russia had acquired a “troubling” anti-satellite weapon capability, but such a weapon is not yet operational.

Vassily Nebenzia, Russia’s UN Ambassador, said after casting the veto that the US-Japan resolution cherry-picked weapons of mass devastation.

He emphasized that the US and its partners had already revealed plans to deploy weapons in outer space, which explains their activities.

Nebenzia also claimed that the United States has been opposing a Russian-Chinese proposal for a convention prohibiting the deployment of weapons in outer space since 2008.

Thomas-Greenfield accused Russia of undermining global treaties to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons, recklessly invoking “dangerous nuclear rhetoric,” abandoning several arms control obligations, and refusing to engage “in substantive discussions around arms control or risk reduction.”

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The Sun – VOR News Image

Russia Proposes UN Resolution On Banning Weapons In Space, After Vetoing Similar UN-Japan Draft

Much of the Russian draft resolution is identical to the US-Japan text, including the wording aimed at averting an arms race in space.

It urges all countries, particularly those with significant space capabilities, “to actively contribute to the goal of the peaceful use of outer space and the prevention of an arms race in outer space.”

According to Thomas-Greenfield, the world is only beginning to realize “the catastrophic ramifications of a nuclear explosion in space.”

SOURCE – (AP)

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